Reimplemented space handling by introducing an address_space structure.

- Fixed potential concurrency bugs due to preemption being enabled.
- Introduced a new address space structure to better account for
  address spaces and page tables.
- Currently executes fine up to forking. Will investigate.

include/l4/arch/arm/v5/mm.h

@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ void arch_hardware_flush(pgd_table_t *pgd);
 void add_section_mapping_init(unsigned int paddr, unsigned int vaddr,
 			      unsigned int size, unsigned int flags);
 
+struct address_space;
+int copy_user_tables(struct address_space *new, struct address_space *orig);
 pgd_table_t *copy_page_tables(pgd_table_t *from);
 void remap_as_pages(void *vstart, void *vend);
 

include/l4/generic/space.h

@@ -21,15 +21,27 @@
 #if defined (__KERNEL__)
 
 #include <l4/lib/list.h>
+#include <l4/lib/mutex.h>
 #include INC_SUBARCH(mm.h)
 
 /* A simple page table with a reference count */
 struct address_space {
+	l4id_t spid;
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct mutex lock;
 	pgd_table_t *pgd;
 	int ktcb_refs;
 };
 
+struct address_space *address_space_create(struct address_space *orig);
+void address_space_delete(struct address_space *space);
+void address_space_attach(struct ktcb *tcb, struct address_space *space);
+struct address_space *address_space_find(l4id_t spid);
+void address_space_add(struct address_space *space);
+void address_space_remove(struct address_space *space);
+void address_space_reference_lock();
+void address_space_reference_unlock();
+void init_address_space_list(void);
 int check_access(unsigned long vaddr, unsigned long size, unsigned int flags);
 #endif
 

include/l4/generic/tcb.h

@@ -109,24 +109,6 @@ union ktcb_union {
 	char kstack[PAGE_SIZE];
 };
 
-/* For traversing global task list */
-extern struct list_head global_task_list;
-static inline struct ktcb *find_task(l4id_t tid)
-{
-	struct ktcb *task;
-
-	list_for_each_entry(task, &global_task_list, task_list)
-		if (task->tid == tid)
-			return task;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static inline int add_task_global(struct ktcb *new)
-{
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->task_list);
-	list_add(&new->task_list, &global_task_list);
-	return 0;
-}
 
 /*
  * Each task is allocated a unique global id. A thread group can only belong to
@@ -151,6 +133,15 @@ extern struct id_pool *thread_id_pool;
 extern struct id_pool *space_id_pool;
 extern struct id_pool *tgroup_id_pool;
 
+struct ktcb *tcb_find(l4id_t tid);
+void tcb_add(struct ktcb *tcb);
+void tcb_remove(struct ktcb *tcb);
+
+void tcb_init(struct ktcb *tcb);
+struct ktcb *tcb_alloc_init(void);
+void tcb_delete(struct ktcb *tcb);
+
+void init_ktcb_list(void);
 void task_update_utcb(struct ktcb *cur, struct ktcb *next);
 
 #endif /* __TCB_H__ */

src/api/ipc.c

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int sys_ipc_control(syscall_context_t *regs)
 /* Interruptible ipc */
 int ipc_send(l4id_t recv_tid)
 {
-	struct ktcb *receiver = find_task(recv_tid);
+	struct ktcb *receiver = tcb_find(recv_tid);
 	struct waitqueue_head *wqhs, *wqhr;
 
 	wqhs = &receiver->wqh_send;

src/api/space.c

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int sys_map(syscall_context_t *regs)
 		target = current;
 		goto found;
 	} else 	/* else search the tcb from its hash list */
-		if ((target = find_task(tid)))
+		if ((target = tcb_find(tid)))
 			goto found;
 
 	BUG();
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int sys_unmap(syscall_context_t *regs)
 
 	if (tid == current->tid)
 		target = current;
-	else if (!(target = find_task(tid)))
+	else if (!(target = tcb_find(tid)))
 		return -ESRCH;
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < npages; i++) {

src/api/syscall.c

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ int sys_exchange_registers(syscall_context_t *regs)
 	l4id_t tid = regs->r1;
 
 	/* Find tcb from its list */
-	if (!(task = find_task(tid)))
+	if (!(task = tcb_find(tid)))
 		return -ESRCH;
 
 	/*

src/api/thread.c

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int thread_suspend(struct task_ids *ids)
 	struct ktcb *task;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!(task = find_task(ids->tid)))
+	if (!(task = tcb_find(ids->tid)))
 		return -ESRCH;
 
 	if (task->state == TASK_INACTIVE)
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ int thread_recycle(struct task_ids *ids)
 	struct ktcb *task;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!(task = find_task(ids->tid)))
+	if (!(task = tcb_find(ids->tid)))
 		return -ESRCH;
 
 	if ((ret = thread_suspend(ids)) < 0)
@@ -95,14 +95,14 @@ int thread_destroy(struct task_ids *ids)
 	struct ktcb *task;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!(task = find_task(ids->tid)))
+	if (!(task = tcb_find(ids->tid)))
 		return -ESRCH;
 
 	if ((ret = thread_suspend(ids)) < 0)
 		return ret;
 
-	/* Delete it from global list so any callers will get -ESRCH */
+	/* Remove tcb from global list so any callers will get -ESRCH */
-	list_del(&task->task_list);
+	tcb_remove(task);
 
 	/*
 	 * If there are any sleepers on any of the task's
@@ -111,18 +111,8 @@ int thread_destroy(struct task_ids *ids)
 	wake_up_all(&task->wqh_send, 0);
 	wake_up_all(&task->wqh_recv, 0);
 
-	/*
-	 * The thread cannot have a pager waiting for it
-	 * since we ought to be the pager.
-	 */
-	BUG_ON(task->wqh_pager.sleepers > 0);
-
-	/*
-	 * FIXME: We need to free the pgd and any thread specific pmds!!!
-	 */
-
 	/* We can now safely delete the task */
-	free_page(task);
+	tcb_delete(task);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -131,7 +121,7 @@ int thread_resume(struct task_ids *ids)
 {
 	struct ktcb *task;
 
-	if (!(task = find_task(ids->tid)))
+	if (!(task = tcb_find(ids->tid)))
 		return -ESRCH;
 
 	if (!mutex_trylock(&task->thread_control_lock))
@@ -150,7 +140,7 @@ int thread_start(struct task_ids *ids)
 {
 	struct ktcb *task;
 
-	if (!(task = find_task(ids->tid)))
+	if (!(task = tcb_find(ids->tid)))
        		return -ESRCH;
 
 	if (!mutex_trylock(&task->thread_control_lock))
@@ -256,6 +246,69 @@ int thread_setup_new_ids(struct task_ids *ids, unsigned int flags,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int thread_setup_space(struct ktcb *tcb, struct task_ids *ids, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct address_space *space, *new;
+
+	address_space_reference_lock();
+
+	if (flags == THREAD_SAME_SPACE) {
+		if (!(space = address_space_find(ids->spid)))
+			return -ESRCH;
+		address_space_attach(tcb, space);
+	}
+	if (flags == THREAD_COPY_SPACE) {
+		if (!(space = address_space_find(ids->spid)))
+			return -ESRCH;
+		if (IS_ERR(new = address_space_create(space)))
+			return (int)new;
+		address_space_attach(tcb, new);
+		address_space_add(new);
+	}
+	if (flags == THREAD_NEW_SPACE) {
+		if (IS_ERR(new = address_space_create(0)))
+			return (int)new;
+		address_space_attach(tcb, new);
+		address_space_add(new);
+	}
+
+	address_space_reference_unlock();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int thread_create(struct task_ids *ids, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct ktcb *new, *orig_task;
+	int err;
+
+	flags &= THREAD_CREATE_MASK;
+
+	if (!(new = tcb_alloc_init()))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if ((err = thread_setup_space(new, ids, flags))) {
+		tcb_delete(new);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (flags != THREAD_NEW_SPACE) {
+		BUG_ON(!(orig_task = tcb_find(ids->tid)));
+
+		/* Set up ids and context using original tcb */
+		thread_setup_new_ids(ids, flags, new, orig_task);
+		arch_setup_new_thread(new, orig_task, flags);
+	} else {
+		/* Set up ids and context from scratch */
+		thread_setup_new_ids(ids, flags, new, 0);
+		arch_setup_new_thread(new, 0, flags);
+	}
+
+	tcb_add(new);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#if 0
 /*
  * Creates a thread, with a new thread id, and depending on the flags,
  * either creates a new space, uses the same space as another thread,
@@ -263,7 +316,7 @@ int thread_setup_new_ids(struct task_ids *ids, unsigned int flags,
  * are respectively used when creating a brand new task, creating a
  * new thread in an existing address space, or forking a task.
  */
-int thread_create(struct task_ids *ids, unsigned int flags)
+int thread_create_old(struct task_ids *ids, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct ktcb *task = 0;
  	struct ktcb *new = (struct ktcb *)zalloc_page();
@@ -323,6 +376,7 @@ out:
 
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Creates, destroys and modifies threads. Also implicitly creates an address

src/arch/arm/v5/mm.c

@@ -419,9 +419,64 @@ int remove_mapping(unsigned long vaddr)
 	return remove_mapping_pgd(vaddr, TASK_PGD(current));
 }
 
+
+/*
+ * Copies userspace entries of one task to another. In order to do that,
+ * it allocates new pmds and copies the original values into new ones.
+ */
+int copy_user_tables(struct address_space *new, struct address_space *orig_space)
+{
+	pgd_table_t *to = new->pgd, *from = orig_space->pgd;
+	pmd_table_t *pmd, *orig;
+
+	/* Allocate and copy all pmds that will be exclusive to new task. */
+	for (int i = 0; i < PGD_ENTRY_TOTAL; i++) {
+		/* Detect a pmd entry that is not a kernel pmd? */
+		if (!is_kern_pgdi(i) &&
+		    ((from->entry[i] & PGD_TYPE_MASK) == PGD_TYPE_COARSE)) {
+			/* Allocate new pmd */
+			if (!(pmd = alloc_pmd()))
+				goto out_error;
+
+			/* Find original pmd */
+			orig = (pmd_table_t *)
+				phys_to_virt((from->entry[i] &
+				PGD_COARSE_ALIGN_MASK));
+
+			/* Copy original to new */
+			memcpy(pmd, orig, sizeof(pmd_table_t));
+
+			/* Replace original pmd entry in pgd with new */
+			to->entry[i] = (pgd_t)virt_to_phys(pmd);
+			to->entry[i] |= PGD_TYPE_COARSE;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_error:
+	/* Find all non-kernel pmds we have just allocated and free them */
+	for (int i = 0; i < PGD_ENTRY_TOTAL; i++) {
+		/* Non-kernel pmd that has just been allocated. */
+		if (!is_kern_pgdi(i) &&
+		    (to->entry[i] & PGD_TYPE_MASK) == PGD_TYPE_COARSE) {
+			/* Obtain the pmd handle */
+			pmd = (pmd_table_t *)
+			      phys_to_virt((to->entry[i] &
+					    PGD_COARSE_ALIGN_MASK));
+			/* Free pmd  */
+			free_pmd(pmd);
+		}
+	}
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
 /*
  * Allocates and copies all levels of page tables from one task to another.
  * Useful when forking.
+ *
+ * The copied page tables end up having shared pmds for kernel entries
+ * and private copies of same pmds for user entries.
  */
 pgd_table_t *copy_page_tables(pgd_table_t *from)
 {
@@ -432,6 +487,7 @@ pgd_table_t *copy_page_tables(pgd_table_t *from)
 	if (!(pgd = alloc_pgd()))
 		return PTR_ERR(-ENOMEM);
 
+	/* First copy whole pgd entries */
 	memcpy(pgd, from, sizeof(pgd_table_t));
 
 	/* Allocate and copy all pmds that will be exclusive to new task. */

src/generic/scheduler.c

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ void sched_suspend_sync(void)
 	preempt_enable();
 
 	/* Async wake up any waiters */
-	wake_up_task(find_task(current->pagerid), 0);
+	wake_up_task(tcb_find(current->pagerid), 0);
 	schedule();
 }
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ void sched_suspend_async(void)
 	preempt_enable();
 
 	/* Async wake up any waiters */
-	wake_up_task(find_task(current->pagerid), 0);
+	wake_up_task(tcb_find(current->pagerid), 0);
 	need_resched = 1;
 }
 

src/generic/space.c

@@ -8,10 +8,131 @@
 #include INC_ARCH(exception.h)
 #include <l4/generic/space.h>
 #include <l4/generic/tcb.h>
+#include <l4/generic/kmalloc.h>
 #include <l4/api/space.h>
 #include <l4/api/errno.h>
 #include <l4/api/kip.h>
 
+struct address_space_list {
+	struct list_head list;
+
+	/* Lock for list add/removal */
+	struct spinlock list_lock;
+
+	/* To manage refcounting of *all* spaces in the list */
+	struct mutex ref_lock;
+	int count;
+};
+
+static struct address_space_list address_space_list;
+
+void init_address_space_list(void)
+{
+	memset(&address_space_list, 0, sizeof(address_space_list));
+
+	mutex_init(&address_space_list.ref_lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&address_space_list.list);
+}
+
+void address_space_reference_lock()
+{
+	mutex_lock(&address_space_list.ref_lock);
+}
+
+void address_space_reference_unlock()
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&address_space_list.ref_lock);
+}
+
+void address_space_attach(struct ktcb *tcb, struct address_space *space)
+{
+	tcb->space = space;
+	space->ktcb_refs++;
+}
+
+struct address_space *address_space_find(l4id_t spid)
+{
+	struct address_space *space;
+
+	spin_lock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(space, &address_space_list.list, list) {
+		if (space->spid == spid) {
+			spin_unlock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+			return space;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void address_space_add(struct address_space *space)
+{
+	spin_lock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+	list_add(&space->list, &address_space_list.list);
+	spin_unlock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+}
+
+void address_space_remove(struct address_space *space)
+{
+	spin_lock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+	BUG_ON(list_empty(&space->list));
+	list_del_init(&space->list);
+	spin_unlock(&address_space_list.list_lock);
+}
+
+void address_space_delete(struct address_space *space)
+{
+	/* Address space refcount lock must be held */
+
+	/* Sanity checks ??? */
+
+	/* Traverse the page tables and delete private pmds */
+
+	/* Delete the top-level pgd */
+
+	/* Return the space id ??? */
+
+	/* Deallocate the space structure */
+}
+
+struct address_space *address_space_create(struct address_space *orig)
+{
+	struct address_space *space;
+	pgd_table_t *pgd;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Allocate space structure */
+	if (!(space = kzalloc(sizeof(*space))))
+		return PTR_ERR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	/* Allocate pgd */
+	if (!(pgd = alloc_pgd())) {
+		kfree(space);
+		return PTR_ERR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	/* Initialize space structure */
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&space->list);
+	mutex_init(&space->lock);
+	space->pgd = pgd;
+
+	/* Copy all kernel entries */
+	copy_pgd_kern_all(pgd);
+
+	/* If an original space is supplied */
+	if (orig) {
+		/* Copy its user entries/tables */
+		if ((err = copy_user_tables(space, orig)) < 0) {
+			free_pgd(pgd);
+			kfree(space);
+			return PTR_ERR(err);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return space;
+}
+
 /*
  * Checks whether the given user address is a valid userspace address.
  * If so, whether it is currently mapped into its own address space.

src/generic/tcb.c

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <l4/generic/space.h>
 #include <l4/generic/scheduler.h>
 #include <l4/generic/preempt.h>
+#include <l4/generic/space.h>
 #include <l4/lib/idpool.h>
 #include <l4/api/kip.h>
 #include INC_ARCH(exception.h)
@@ -19,7 +20,112 @@ struct id_pool *space_id_pool;
 struct id_pool *tgroup_id_pool;
 
 /* Hash table for all existing tasks */
-struct list_head global_task_list;
+struct ktcb_list {
+	struct list_head list;
+	struct spinlock list_lock;
+	int count;
+};
+
+static struct ktcb_list ktcb_list;
+
+void init_ktcb_list(void)
+{
+	memset(&ktcb_list, 0, sizeof(ktcb_list));
+	spin_lock_init(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ktcb_list.list);
+}
+
+void tcb_init(struct ktcb *new)
+{
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->task_list);
+	mutex_init(&new->thread_control_lock);
+
+	/* Initialise task's scheduling state and parameters. */
+	sched_init_task(new, TASK_PRIO_NORMAL);
+
+	/* Initialise ipc waitqueues */
+	spin_lock_init(&new->waitlock);
+	waitqueue_head_init(&new->wqh_send);
+	waitqueue_head_init(&new->wqh_recv);
+	waitqueue_head_init(&new->wqh_pager);
+}
+
+struct ktcb *tcb_alloc(void)
+{
+	return zalloc_page();
+}
+
+struct ktcb *tcb_alloc_init(void)
+{
+	struct ktcb *tcb;
+
+	if (!(tcb = tcb_alloc()))
+		return 0;
+
+	tcb_init(tcb);
+	return tcb;
+}
+
+void tcb_delete(struct ktcb *tcb)
+{
+	/* Sanity checks first */
+	BUG_ON(!is_page_aligned(tcb));
+	BUG_ON(tcb->wqh_pager.sleepers > 0);
+	BUG_ON(tcb->wqh_send.sleepers > 0);
+	BUG_ON(tcb->wqh_recv.sleepers > 0);
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&tcb->task_list));
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&tcb->rq_list));
+	BUG_ON(tcb->nlocks);
+	BUG_ON(tcb->waiting_on);
+	BUG_ON(tcb->wq);
+
+	/*
+	 * Take this lock as we may delete
+	 * the address space as well
+	 */
+	address_space_reference_lock();
+	BUG_ON(--tcb->space->ktcb_refs < 0);
+
+	/* No refs left for the space, delete it */
+	if (tcb->space->ktcb_refs == 0)
+		address_space_delete(tcb->space);
+
+	address_space_reference_unlock();
+
+	/* Free the tcb */
+	free_page(tcb);
+}
+
+struct ktcb *tcb_find(l4id_t tid)
+{
+	struct ktcb *task;
+
+	spin_lock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(task, &ktcb_list.list, task_list) {
+		if (task->tid == tid) {
+			spin_unlock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+			return task;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void tcb_add(struct ktcb *new)
+{
+	spin_lock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&new->task_list));
+	list_add(&new->task_list, &ktcb_list.list);
+	spin_unlock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+}
+
+void tcb_remove(struct ktcb *new)
+{
+	spin_lock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+	BUG_ON(list_empty(&new->task_list));
+	list_del_init(&new->task_list);
+	spin_unlock(&ktcb_list.list_lock);
+}
 
 /* Offsets for ktcb fields that are accessed from assembler */
 unsigned int need_resched_offset = offsetof(struct ktcb, ts_need_resched);
@@ -34,27 +140,5 @@ void task_update_utcb(struct ktcb *cur, struct ktcb *next)
 {
 	/* Update the KIP pointer */
 	kip.utcb = next->utcb_address;
-
-	/* We stick with KIP update and no private tls mapping for now */
-#if 0
-	/*
-	 * Unless current and next are in the same address
-	 * space and sharing the same physical utcb page, we
-	 * update the mapping
-	 */
-	if (cur->utcb_phys != next->utcb_phys)
-		add_mapping(page_align(next->utcb_phys),
-			    page_align(next->utcb_virt),
-			    page_align_up(UTCB_SIZE),
-			    MAP_USR_RW_FLAGS);
-	/*
-	 * If same physical utcb but different pgd, it means two
-	 * address spaces share the same utcb. We treat this as a
-	 * bug for now.
-	 */
-	else
-		BUG_ON(cur->pgd != next->pgd);
-#endif
-
 }
 

src/glue/arm/init.c

@@ -256,26 +256,27 @@ void switch_to_user(struct ktcb *task)
 	jump(task);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Initialize the pager in the system.
+ *
+ * The pager uses the bootstack as its ktcb, the initial kspace as its pgd,
+ * (kernel pmds are shared among all tasks) and a statically allocated
+ * pager_space struct for its space structure.
+ */
 void init_pager(char *name, struct task_ids *ids)
 {
 	struct svc_image *taskimg = 0;
 	struct ktcb *task;
 	int task_pages;
 
-	/*
+	BUG_ON(strcmp(name, __PAGERNAME__));
-	 * NOTE: Inittask uses the kernel bootstack as its PAGE_SIZE'd kernel
+	task = current;
-	 * stack. There is no problem with this as the inittask always exists.
+
-	 * This also solves the problem of freeing the bootstack and making use
+	tcb_init(task);
-	 * of the initial kspace pgd.
-	 */
-	if (!strcmp(name, __PAGERNAME__))
-		task = current;	/* mm0 is the mockup current during init */
-	else
-		task = (struct ktcb *)zalloc_page();
 
 	/*
-	 * Search the compile-time generated boot descriptor for information on
+	 * Search the compile-time generated boot descriptor for
-	 * available task images.
+	 * information on available task images.
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < bootdesc->total_images; i++) {
 		if (!strcmp(name, bootdesc->images[i].name)) {
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ void init_pager(char *name, struct task_ids *ids)
 	waitqueue_head_init(&task->wqh_pager);
 
 	/* Global hashlist that keeps all existing tasks */
-	add_task_global(task);
+	tcb_add(task);
 
 	/* Scheduler initialises the very first task itself */
 }
@@ -341,8 +342,9 @@ void init_tasks()
 	ids.spid = id_new(space_id_pool);
 	ids.tgid = id_new(tgroup_id_pool);
 
-	/* Initialise the global task list head */
+	/* Initialise the global task and address space lists */
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&global_task_list);
+	init_ktcb_list();
+	init_address_space_list();
 
 	/*
 	 * This must come last so that other tasks can copy its pgd before it