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<ol class="chapter"><li class="affix"><a href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="affix"><a href="../background/index.html">Background</a></li><li class="affix"><a href="../requirements/index.html">Requirements</a></li><li><a href="../hardware/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Meet your hardware</a></li><li><a href="../setup/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Development environment setup</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../setup/LINUX.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Linux</a></li><li><a href="../setup/WINDOWS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Windows</a></li><li><a href="../setup/MACOS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> macOS</a></li><li><a href="../setup/VERIFY.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Verify the installation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../getting-started/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Getting started</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../getting-started/01.00.BUILD.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Building</a></li><li><a href="../getting-started/02.00.FLASH.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Flashing</a></li><li><a href="../getting-started/03.00.DEBUG.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Debugging</a></li><li><a href="../getting-started/04.00.SOLUTION.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Solution</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../hello-world/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Hello world</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../hello-world/01.00.SEMIHOSTING.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Semihosting</a></li><li><a href="../hello-world/02.00.UART.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Serial communication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../hello-world/02.01.NIX.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.1.</strong> *nix</a></li><li><a href="../hello-world/02.02.WINDOWS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.2.</strong> Windows</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../hello-world/03.00.LED.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> GPIO and LEDs</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../hello-world/03.01.SOLUTION.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.1.</strong> Solution</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="../choice/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Choose Your Own Adventure</a></li><li><a href="../microbit/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> micro:bit HAL basics</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../microbit/01.00.BUTTONS.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Buttons</a></li><li><a href="../microbit/02.00.DELAY.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Delays</a></li><li><a href="../microbit/03.00.DISPLAY.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Display</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../serial/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Serial UART - Blocking</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../serial/01.00.ECHO.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> Echo Server</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../serial/01.01.THEORY.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.1.</strong> Theory</a></li><li><a href="../serial/01.02.ECHO.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.2.</strong> Solution</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../serial/02.00.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> Exercises</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../serial/02.01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.1.</strong> Reverse echo</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../serial/02.01.SOLUTION.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.1.1.</strong> Solution</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../serial/02.02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.2.</strong> Countdown</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../serial/02.02.SOLUTION.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.2.1.</strong> Solution</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../serial/02.04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.3.</strong> Quiz</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../serial/02.04.SOLUTION.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.3.1.</strong> Solution</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="../display/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> LED display</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../display/01.00.THEORY.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Theory</a></li><li><a href="../display/02.00.PROBLEM.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> Problem</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../display/02.01.LAYOUT.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.1.</strong> Layout</a></li><li><a href="../display/02.02.DELAY.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.2.</strong> Delays</a></li><li><a href="../display/02.03.MULT.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.3.</strong> Multiplexing</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../display/03.00.SOLUTION.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Solution</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../display/03.01.LAYOUT.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.1.</strong> Layout</a></li><li><a href="../display/03.02.MULT.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.2.</strong> Multiplexing</a></li><li><a href="../display/03.03.FULL.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.3.</strong> Full Solution</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="../sensors/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> WIP - Sensors and I²C</a></li><li><a href="../nb/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> WIP - Non-blocking</a></li><li><a href="../nb/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> WIP - Interrupts</a></li><li><a href="../rtfm/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> WIP - Real time</a></li><li><a href="../hal/00.00.README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> WIP - Creating a HAL</a></li><li class="affix"><a href="../appendix/explore.html">Explore</a></li><li class="affix"><a href="../appendix/gdb.html">GDB cheatsheet</a></li><li class="affix"><a href="../appendix/troubleshooting.html" class="active">General troubleshooting</a></li></ol>
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<main>
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<a class="header" href="#general-troubleshooting" id="general-troubleshooting"><h1>General troubleshooting</h1></a>
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<a class="header" href="#openocd-problems" id="openocd-problems"><h2>OpenOCD problems</h2></a>
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<a class="header" href="#cant-connect-to-openocd---error-open-failed" id="cant-connect-to-openocd---error-open-failed"><h3>can't connect to OpenOCD - "Error: open failed"</h3></a>
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<a class="header" href="#symptoms" id="symptoms"><h4>Symptoms</h4></a>
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<p>Upon trying to establish a <em>new connection</em> with the device you get an error
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that looks like this:</p>
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<pre><code>$ openocd -f (..)
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(..)
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Error: open failed
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in procedure 'init'
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in procedure 'ocd_bouncer'
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</code></pre>
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<a class="header" href="#cause--fix" id="cause--fix"><h4>Cause + Fix</h4></a>
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<ul>
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<li>All: The device is not (properly) connected. Check the USB connection using
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<code>lsusb</code> or the Device Manager.</li>
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<li>Linux: You may not have enough permission to open the device. Try again with
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<code>sudo</code>. If that works, you can use <a href="../setup/LINUX.html#udev%20rules">these instructions</a> to make OpenOCD work
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without root privilege.</li>
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<li>Windows: You are probably missing the USB drivers.</li>
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</ul>
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<a class="header" href="#cant-connect-to-openocd---polling-again-in-x00ms" id="cant-connect-to-openocd---polling-again-in-x00ms"><h3>can't connect to OpenOCD - "Polling again in X00ms"</h3></a>
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<a class="header" href="#symptoms-1" id="symptoms-1"><h4>Symptoms</h4></a>
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<p>Upon trying to establish a <em>new connection</em> with the device you get an error
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that looks like this:</p>
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<pre><code>$ openocd -f (..)
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(..)
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Error: jtag status contains invalid mode value - communication failure
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Polling target stm32f3x.cpu failed, trying to reexamine
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Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in 100ms
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Info : Previous state query failed, trying to reconnect
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Error: jtag status contains invalid mode value - communication failure
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Polling target stm32f3x.cpu failed, trying to reexamine
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Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in 300ms
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Info : Previous state query failed, trying to reconnect
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</code></pre>
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<a class="header" href="#cause" id="cause"><h4>Cause</h4></a>
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<p>The microcontroller may have get stuck in some tight infinite loop or it may be
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continuously raising an exception, e.g. the exception handler is raising an
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exception.</p>
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<a class="header" href="#fix" id="fix"><h4>Fix</h4></a>
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<ul>
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<li>Close OpenOCD, if running</li>
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<li>Press and hold the reset (black) button</li>
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<li>Launch the OpenOCD command</li>
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<li>Now, release the reset button</li>
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</ul>
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<a class="header" href="#openocd-connection-lost---polling-again-in-x00ms" id="openocd-connection-lost---polling-again-in-x00ms"><h3>OpenOCD connection lost - "Polling again in X00ms"</h3></a>
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<a class="header" href="#symptoms-2" id="symptoms-2"><h4>Symptoms</h4></a>
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<p>A <em>running</em> OpenOCD session suddenly errors with:</p>
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<pre><code># openocd -f (..)
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Error: jtag status contains invalid mode value - communication failure
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Polling target stm32f3x.cpu failed, trying to reexamine
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Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in 100ms
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Info : Previous state query failed, trying to reconnect
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Error: jtag status contains invalid mode value - communication failure
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Polling target stm32f3x.cpu failed, trying to reexamine
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Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in 300ms
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Info : Previous state query failed, trying to reconnect
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</code></pre>
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<a class="header" href="#cause-1" id="cause-1"><h4>Cause</h4></a>
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<p>The USB connection was lost.</p>
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<a class="header" href="#fix-1" id="fix-1"><h4>Fix</h4></a>
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<ul>
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<li>Close OpenOCD</li>
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<li>Disconnect and re-connect the USB cable.</li>
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<li>Re-launch OpenOCD</li>
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</ul>
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<a class="header" href="#cargo-problems" id="cargo-problems"><h2>Cargo problems</h2></a>
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<a class="header" href="#cant-find-crate-for-core" id="cant-find-crate-for-core"><h3>"can't find crate for <code>core</code>"</h3></a>
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<a class="header" href="#symptoms-3" id="symptoms-3"><h4>Symptoms</h4></a>
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<pre><code> Compiling volatile-register v0.1.2
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Compiling rlibc v1.0.0
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Compiling r0 v0.1.0
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error[E0463]: can't find crate for `core`
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error: aborting due to previous error
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error[E0463]: can't find crate for `core`
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error: aborting due to previous error
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error[E0463]: can't find crate for `core`
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error: aborting due to previous error
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Build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
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Build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
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error: Could not compile `r0`.
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To learn more, run the command again with --verbose.
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</code></pre>
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<a class="header" href="#cause-2" id="cause-2"><h4>Cause</h4></a>
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<p>You are using a toolchain older than <code>nightly-2018-04-08</code> and forgot to call <code>rustup target add thumbv7m-none-eabi</code>.</p>
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<a class="header" href="#fix-2" id="fix-2"><h4>Fix</h4></a>
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<p>Update your nightly and install the <code>thumbv7em-none-eabihf</code> target.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustup update nightly
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$ rustup target add thumbv7em-none-eabihf
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</code></pre>
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<a class="header" href="#build-problems" id="build-problems"><h2>Build problems</h2></a>
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<a class="header" href="#error-language-item-required-but-not-found-eh_personality" id="error-language-item-required-but-not-found-eh_personality"><h3><code>error: language item required, but not found: 'eh_personality'</code></h3></a>
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<a class="header" href="#cause-3" id="cause-3"><h4>Cause</h4></a>
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<p>The <code>eh_personality</code> language item is used to implement stack unwinding in case a panic occurs.</p>
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<a class="header" href="#fix-3" id="fix-3"><h4>Fix</h4></a>
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<p>You need to use the correct target
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by using <code>--target thumbv6m-none-eabi</code>
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or modifying <code>.cargo/config</code></p>
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<a class="header" href="#error-ld-cannot-open-linker-script-file-memoryx-no-such-file-or-directory" id="error-ld-cannot-open-linker-script-file-memoryx-no-such-file-or-directory"><h3><code>error: ld: cannot open linker script file memory.x: No such file or directory</code></h3></a>
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<a class="header" href="#cause-4" id="cause-4"><h4>Cause</h4></a>
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<p>A memory.x file is needed, this specifies memory layout.</p>
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<a class="header" href="#fix-4" id="fix-4"><h4>Fix</h4></a>
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<p>Either ask the board support crate maintainer to add memory.x to their crate,
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or add a memory.x file to your project.</p>
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