HIER(7)

NAME
hier - file system hierarchy

DESCRIPTION
The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative directory hierarchy.

/   root
/vmunix
    the kernel binary (UNIX itself)
/lost+found
    directory for connecting detached files for fsck(8)
/dev/
    devices (4)
    MAKEDEV
        shell script to create special files
    MAKEDEV.local
        site specific part of MAKEDEV
    console
        main console, tty(4)
    tty*
        terminals, tty(4)
    hp* disks, hp(4)
    rhp*
        raw disks, hp(4)
    up* UNIBUS disks up(4)
    ...
/bin/
    utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)
    as  assembler
    cc  C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2
    csh C shell
    ...
/lib/
    object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/
    libc.a
        system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)
    ...
    ccom
        C compiler proper
    cpp C preprocessor
    c2  C code improver
    ...
/etc/
    essential data and maintenance utilities; sect (8)
    dump
        dump program dump(8)
    passwd
        password file, passwd(5)
    group
        group file, group(5)
    motd
        message of the day, login(1)
    termcap
        description of terminal capabilities, termcap(5)
    ttytype
        table of what kind of terminal is on each port, ttytype(5)
    mtab
        mounted file table, mtab(5)
    dumpdates
        dump history, dump(8)
    fstab
        file system configuration table fstab(5)
    disktab
        disk characteristics and partition tables, disktab(5)
    hosts
        host name to network address mapping file, hosts(5)
    networks
        network name to network number mapping file, networks(5)
    protocols
        protocol name to protocol number mapping file, protocols(5)
    services
        network services definition file, services(5)
    remote
        names and description of remote hosts for tip(1C), remote(5)
    phones
        private phone numbers for remote hosts, as described in phones(5)
    ttys
        properties of terminals, ttys(5)
    getty
        part of login, getty(8)
    init
        the parent of all processes, init(8)
    rc  shell program to bring the system up
    rc.local
        site dependent portion of rc
    cron
        the clock daemon, cron(8)
    mount
        mount(8)
    ...
/sys/
    system source
    h/  header (include) files
        acct.h
            acct(5)
        stat.h
            stat(2)
        ...
    sys/
        machine independent system source
        init_main.c
        uipc_socket.c
        ufs_syscalls.c
        ...
    conf/
        site configuration files
        GENERIC
        ...
    net/
        general network source
    netinet/
        DARPA Internet network source
    netimp/
        network code related to use of an IMP
        if_imp.c
        if_imphost.c
        if_imphost.h
        ...
    vax/
        source specific to the VAX
        locore.s
        machdep.c
        ...
    vaxuba/
        device drivers for hardware which resides on the UNIBUS
        uba.c
        dh.c
        up.c
        ...
    vaxmba/
        device drivers for hardware which resides on the MASBUS
        mba.c
        hp.c
        ht.c
        ...
    vaxif
        network interface drivers for the VAX
        if_en.c
        if_ec.c
        if_vv.c
        ...
/tmp/
    temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/
    e*  used by ed(1)
    ctm*
        used by cc(1)
    ...
/usr/
    general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system
    adm/
        administrative information
        wtmp
            login history, utmp(5)
        messages
            hardware error messages
        tracct
            phototypesetter accounting, troff(1)
        lpacct
            line printer accounting lpr(1)
        vaacct, vpacct
            varian and versatec accounting vpr(1), vtroff(1), pac(8)
/usr	/bin
    utility programs, to keep /bin/ small
    tmp/
        temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small
        stm*
            used by sort(1)
        raster
            used by plot(1G)
    dict/
        word lists, etc.
        words
            principal word list, used by look(1)
        spellhist
            history file for spell(1)
    games/
        hangman
        lib/
            library of stuff for the games
            quiz.k/
                what quiz(6) knows
                index
                    category index
                africa
                    countries and capitals
                ...
            ...
        ...
    include/
        standard #include files
        a.out.h
            object file layout, a.out(5)
        stdio.h
            standard I/O, intro(3S)
        math.h
            (3M)
        ...
        sys/
            system-defined layouts, cf /sys/h
        net/
            symbolic link to sys/net
        machine/
            symbolic link to sys/machine
        ...
    lib/
        object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small
        atrun
            scheduler for at(1)
        lint/
            utility files for lint
            lint[12]
                subprocesses for lint(1)
            llib-lc
                dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by lint(1)
            llib-lm
                dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m
            ...
        struct/
            passes of struct(1)
        ...
        tmac/
            macros for troff(1)
            tmac.an
                macros for man(7)
            tmac.s
                macros for ms(7)
            ...
        font/
            fonts for troff(1)
            ftR Times Roman
            ftB Times Bold
            ...
        uucp/
            programs and data for uucp(1C)
            L.sys
                remote system names and numbers
            uucico
                the real copy program
            ...
        units
            conversion tables for units(1)
        eign
            list of English words to be ignored by ptx(1)
/usr/	man/
    volume 1 of this manual, man(1)
        man0/
            general
            intro
                introduction to volume 1, ms(7) format
            xx  template for manual page
        man1/
            chapter 1
            as.1
            mount.1m
            ...
        ...
        cat1/
            preformatted pages for section 1
        ...
    msgs/
        messages, cf msgs(1)
        bounds
            highest and lowest message
    new/
        binaries of new versions of programs
    preserve/
        editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups
    public/
        binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone
    spool/
        delayed execution files
        at/ used by at(1)
        lpd/
            used by lpr(1)
            lock
                present when line printer is active
            cf* copy of file to be printed, if necessary
            df* daemon control file, lpd(8)
            tf* transient control file, while lpr is working
        uucp/
            work files and staging area for uucp(1C)
            LOGFILE
                summary log
            LOG.*
                log file for one transaction
        mail/
            mailboxes for mail(1)
            name
                mail file for user name
            name.lock
                lock file while name is receiving mail
        secretmail/
            like mail/
        uucp/
            work files and staging area for uucp(1C)
            LOGFILE
                summary log
            LOG.*
                log file for one transaction
            mqueue/
                mail queue for sendmail(8)
    wd  initial working directory of a user, typically wd is the user's login name
        .profile
            set environment for sh(1), environ(7)
        .project
            what you are doing (used by ( finger(1) )
        .cshrc
            startup file for csh(1)
        .exrc
            startup file for ex(1)
        .plan
            what your short-term plans are (used by finger(1) )
        .netrc
            startup file for various network programs
        .msgsrc
            startup file for msgs(1)
        .mailrc
            startup file for mail(1)
        calendar
            user's datebook for calendar(1)
    doc/
        papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in ms(7) format
        as/ assembler manual
        c   C manual
        ...
/usr/	src/
        source programs for utilities, etc.
        bin/
            source of commands in /bin
            as/ assembler
            ar.c
                source for ar(1)
            ...
        usr.bin/
            source for commands in /usr/bin
            troff/
                source for nroff and troff(1)
                font/
                    source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/
                    ftR.c
                        Roman
                    ...
                term/
                    terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/
                    tab300.c
                        DASI 300
                    ...
                ...
        ucb source for programs in /usr/ucb
        games/
            source for /usr/games
        lib/
            source for programs and archives in /lib
            libc/
                C runtime library
                csu/
                    startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program
                    crt0.s
                        regular startup
                    mcrt0.s
                        modified startup for cc -p
                sys/
                    system calls (2)
                    access.s
                    brk.s
                    ...
            stdio/
                standard I/O functions (3S)
                fgets.c
                fopen.c
                ...
            gen/
                other functions in (3)
                abs.c
                ...
            net/
                network functions in (3N)
                gethostbyname.c
                ...
        local/
            source which isn't normally distributed
        new/
            source for new versions of commands and library routines
        old/
            source for old versions of commands and library routines
        ucb/
            binaries of programs developed at UCB
            ...
            edit
                editor for beginners
            ex  command editor for experienced users
            ...
            mail
                mail reading/sending subsystem
            man on line documentation
            ...
            pi  Pascal translator
            px  Pascal interpreter
            ...
            vi  visual editor

SEE ALSO
ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which(1), ncheck(8), find(1), grep(1)

BUGS
The position of files is subject to change without notice.