RX(4)

NAME
rx - DEC RX02 floppy disk

SYNOPSIS
/sys/conf/SYSTEM:
	NRX	rx_units	# RX02
/etc/dtab:
	#Name	Unit#	Addr	Vector	Br	Handler(s)		# Comments
	rx	?	177170	264	5	rxintr		# rx02
major device number(s):
	raw: 17
	block: 8
minor device encoding:
	bit 01 specifies drive: <rx_drive>
	bit 02 specifies density: single: 0, double: 1

DESCRIPTION
The rx device provides access to a DEC RX02 floppy disk unit with M8256 interface module (RX211 configuration). The RX02 uses 8-inch, single-sided, soft-sectored floppy disks (with pre-formatted industry-standard headers) in either single or double density.

Floppy disks handled by the RX02 contain 77 tracks, each with 26 sectors (for a total of 2,002 sectors). The sector size is 128 bytes for single density, 256 bytes for double density. Single density disks are compatible with the RX01 floppy disk unit and with IBM 3740 Series Diskette 1 systems.

Files with minor device numbers 0 and 1 refer to drives 0 and 1 in single density mode; minor devices 2 and 3 refer to drives 0 and 1 in double density mode. The standard device names begin with ``rx'' followed by the drive number and then a letter a-b for single and double density access to the drive respectively. The character ? stands here for a drive number in the range 0-1.

The block files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a `raw' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw files conventionally begin with an extra `r.'

In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word (even) boundary, and counts should be a multiple of the disk's sector size (either 128 or 256 bytes depending on selected density.) Likewise seek calls should specify a multiple of the disk's sector size.

In addition to normal (`block' and `raw') i/o, the driver supports formatting of disks for either density.

DISK SUPPORT
The rx driver does not support pseudo-disks (partitions). Each file rx?[ab] refers to the entire drive as a single sequentially addressed file. The physical disk sector size is 128 bytes for single density and 256 bytes for double density. The logical block size is 1024 bytes. Each diskette has 250 logical blocks in single density and 500 logical blocks in double density.

The size and density of the disks are specified as follows:

	disk	minor device	unit	density
	rx0a	0	0	single
	rx1a	1	1	single
	rx0b	2	0	double
	rx1b	3	1	double

Even though the storage capacity on a floppy disk is quite small, it is possible to make file systems on them. For example, the commands
    % rxformat /dev/rrx0a
    % newfs /dev/rrx0a
and
    % rxformat /dev/rrx1b
    % newfs /dev/rrx1b
format and make file systems on the single density disk in the left drive and the double density disk in the right drive with 241 and 486 kbytes available, respectively, for file storage. Using tar(1) gives somewhat more efficient utilization of the available space for file storage. The RX02 disks are primarily useful for small archives and transfer of small systems or distributions.

An ioctl(2) call is available is available to format RX02 disks:
    #include <pdpuba/rxreg.h>
    ioctl(fildes, RXIOC_FORMAT)
The density is determined by the device opened.

FILES
/dev/rx[01][ab]    block files
/dev/rrx[01][ab]    raw files
/dev/MAKEDEV    script to create special files
/dev/MAKEDEV.local    script to localize special files

SEE ALSO
hk(4), ra(4), ram(4), rk(4), rl(4), rp(4), si(4), xp(4), dtab(5), autoconfig(8), rxformat(8V)

DIAGNOSTICS
rx2%d: hard error sn%d cs=%b er=%b. An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified sector of the specified disk. The contents of the two error registers are also printed in octal and symbolically with bits decoded. The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts could not recover the error.

BUGS
In raw I/O read and write(2) truncate file offsets to disk sector size block boundaries (either 128 or 256 bytes depending on the selected density), and write scribbles on the tail of incomplete blocks. Thus, in programs that are likely to access raw devices, read, write and lseek(2) should always deal in disk sector size multiples.

DEC-standard error logging should be supported.

A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its present reduced form) is needed.

The 4.3BSD rx driver which supports more capabilities should be ported to 2.11BSD.